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use core::convert::Infallible;
use core::fmt::{self, Formatter, Write};
use core::ops::Deref;
use core::pin::Pin;
use core::str;
use crate::Values;
/// Marks a string (or other `Display` type) as safe
///
/// Use this if you want to allow markup in an expression, or if you know
/// that the expression's contents don't need to be escaped.
///
/// Askama will automatically insert the first (`Escaper`) argument,
/// so this filter only takes a single argument of any type that implements
/// `Display`.
///
/// ```
/// # #[cfg(feature = "code-in-doc")] {
/// # use askama::Template;
/// /// ```jinja
/// /// <div>{{ example|safe }}</div>
/// /// ```
/// #[derive(Template)]
/// #[template(ext = "html", in_doc = true)]
/// struct Example<'a> {
/// example: &'a str,
/// }
///
/// assert_eq!(
/// Example { example: "<p>I'm Safe</p>" }.to_string(),
/// "<div><p>I'm Safe</p></div>"
/// );
/// # }
/// ```
#[inline]
pub fn safe<T, E>(text: T, escaper: E) -> Result<Safe<T>, Infallible> {
let _ = escaper; // it should not be part of the interface that the `escaper` is unused
Ok(Safe(text))
}
/// Escapes strings according to the escape mode.
///
/// Askama will automatically insert the first (`Escaper`) argument,
/// so this filter only takes a single argument of any type that implements
/// `Display`.
///
/// It is possible to optionally specify an escaper other than the default for
/// the template's extension, like `{{ val|escape("txt") }}`.
///
/// ```
/// # #[cfg(feature = "code-in-doc")] {
/// # use askama::Template;
/// /// ```jinja
/// /// <div>{{ example|escape }}</div>
/// /// ```
/// #[derive(Template)]
/// #[template(ext = "html", in_doc = true)]
/// struct Example<'a> {
/// example: &'a str,
/// }
///
/// assert_eq!(
/// Example { example: "Escape <>&" }.to_string(),
/// "<div>Escape <>&</div>"
/// );
/// # }
/// ```
#[inline]
pub fn escape<T, E>(text: T, escaper: E) -> Result<Safe<EscapeDisplay<T, E>>, Infallible> {
Ok(Safe(EscapeDisplay(text, escaper)))
}
pub struct EscapeDisplay<T, E>(T, E);
impl<T: fmt::Display, E: Escaper> fmt::Display for EscapeDisplay<T, E> {
#[inline]
fn fmt(&self, fmt: &mut Formatter<'_>) -> fmt::Result {
write!(EscapeWriter(fmt, self.1), "{}", &self.0)
}
}
impl<T: FastWritable, E: Escaper> FastWritable for EscapeDisplay<T, E> {
#[inline]
fn write_into<W: fmt::Write + ?Sized>(&self, dest: &mut W) -> crate::Result<()> {
self.0.write_into(&mut EscapeWriter(dest, self.1))
}
}
struct EscapeWriter<W, E>(W, E);
impl<W: Write, E: Escaper> Write for EscapeWriter<W, E> {
#[inline]
fn write_str(&mut self, s: &str) -> fmt::Result {
self.1.write_escaped_str(&mut self.0, s)
}
#[inline]
fn write_char(&mut self, c: char) -> fmt::Result {
self.1.write_escaped_char(&mut self.0, c)
}
}
/// Alias for [`escape()`]
///
/// ```
/// # #[cfg(feature = "code-in-doc")] {
/// # use askama::Template;
/// /// ```jinja
/// /// <div>{{ example|e }}</div>
/// /// ```
/// #[derive(Template)]
/// #[template(ext = "html", in_doc = true)]
/// struct Example<'a> {
/// example: &'a str,
/// }
///
/// assert_eq!(
/// Example { example: "Escape <>&" }.to_string(),
/// "<div>Escape <>&</div>"
/// );
/// # }
/// ```
#[inline]
pub fn e<T, E>(text: T, escaper: E) -> Result<Safe<EscapeDisplay<T, E>>, Infallible> {
escape(text, escaper)
}
/// Escape characters in a safe way for HTML texts and attributes
///
/// * `"` => `"`
/// * `&` => `&`
/// * `'` => `'`
/// * `<` => `<`
/// * `>` => `>`
#[derive(Debug, Clone, Copy, Default)]
pub struct Html;
impl Escaper for Html {
#[inline]
fn write_escaped_str<W: Write>(&self, dest: W, string: &str) -> fmt::Result {
crate::html::write_escaped_str(dest, string)
}
#[inline]
fn write_escaped_char<W: Write>(&self, dest: W, c: char) -> fmt::Result {
crate::html::write_escaped_char(dest, c)
}
}
/// Don't escape the input but return in verbatim
#[derive(Debug, Clone, Copy, Default)]
pub struct Text;
impl Escaper for Text {
#[inline]
fn write_escaped_str<W: Write>(&self, mut dest: W, string: &str) -> fmt::Result {
dest.write_str(string)
}
#[inline]
fn write_escaped_char<W: Write>(&self, mut dest: W, c: char) -> fmt::Result {
dest.write_char(c)
}
}
/// Escapers are used to make generated text safe for printing in some context.
///
/// E.g. in an [`Html`] context, any and all generated text can be used in HTML/XML text nodes and
/// attributes, without for for maliciously injected data.
pub trait Escaper: Copy {
/// Escaped the input string `string` into `dest`
fn write_escaped_str<W: Write>(&self, dest: W, string: &str) -> fmt::Result;
/// Escaped the input char `c` into `dest`
#[inline]
fn write_escaped_char<W: Write>(&self, dest: W, c: char) -> fmt::Result {
self.write_escaped_str(dest, c.encode_utf8(&mut [0; 4]))
}
}
/// Used internally by askama to select the appropriate escaper
pub trait AutoEscape {
/// The wrapped or converted result type
type Escaped: fmt::Display;
/// Early error testing for the input value, usually [`Infallible`]
type Error: Into<crate::Error>;
/// Used internally by askama to select the appropriate escaper
fn askama_auto_escape(&self) -> Result<Self::Escaped, Self::Error>;
}
/// Used internally by askama to select the appropriate escaper
#[derive(Debug, Clone)]
pub struct AutoEscaper<'a, T: ?Sized, E> {
text: &'a T,
escaper: E,
}
impl<'a, T: ?Sized, E> AutoEscaper<'a, T, E> {
/// Used internally by askama to select the appropriate escaper
#[inline]
pub fn new(text: &'a T, escaper: E) -> Self {
Self { text, escaper }
}
}
/// Use the provided escaper
impl<'a, T: fmt::Display + ?Sized, E: Escaper> AutoEscape for &&AutoEscaper<'a, T, E> {
type Escaped = EscapeDisplay<&'a T, E>;
type Error = Infallible;
#[inline]
fn askama_auto_escape(&self) -> Result<Self::Escaped, Self::Error> {
Ok(EscapeDisplay(self.text, self.escaper))
}
}
/// Types that implement this marker trait don't need to be HTML escaped
///
/// Please note that this trait is only meant as speed-up helper. In some odd circumcises askama
/// might still decide to HTML escape the input, so if this must not happen, then you need to use
/// the [`|safe`](super::safe) filter to prevent the auto escaping.
///
/// If you are unsure if your type generates HTML safe output in all cases, then DON'T mark it.
/// Better safe than sorry!
pub trait HtmlSafe: fmt::Display {}
/// Don't escape HTML safe types
impl<'a, T: HtmlSafe + ?Sized> AutoEscape for &AutoEscaper<'a, T, Html> {
type Escaped = &'a T;
type Error = Infallible;
#[inline]
fn askama_auto_escape(&self) -> Result<Self::Escaped, Self::Error> {
Ok(self.text)
}
}
/// Mark the output of a filter as "maybe safe"
///
/// This enum can be used as a transparent return type of custom filters that want to mark
/// their output as "safe" depending on some circumstances, i.e. that their output maybe does not
/// need to be escaped.
///
/// If the filter is not used as the last element in the filter chain, then any assumption is void.
/// Let the next filter decide if the output is safe or not.
///
/// ## Example
///
/// ```rust
/// mod filters {
/// use askama::{filters::MaybeSafe, Result};
///
/// // Do not actually use this filter! It's an intentionally bad example.
/// pub fn backdoor<T: std::fmt::Display>(s: T, enable: &bool) -> Result<MaybeSafe<T>> {
/// Ok(match *enable {
/// true => MaybeSafe::Safe(s),
/// false => MaybeSafe::NeedsEscaping(s),
/// })
/// }
/// }
///
/// #[derive(askama::Template)]
/// #[template(
/// source = "<div class='{{ klass|backdoor(enable_backdoor) }}'></div>",
/// ext = "html"
/// )]
/// struct DivWithBackdoor<'a> {
/// klass: &'a str,
/// enable_backdoor: bool,
/// }
///
/// assert_eq!(
/// DivWithBackdoor { klass: "<script>", enable_backdoor: false }.to_string(),
/// "<div class='<script>'></div>",
/// );
/// assert_eq!(
/// DivWithBackdoor { klass: "<script>", enable_backdoor: true }.to_string(),
/// "<div class='<script>'></div>",
/// );
/// ```
pub enum MaybeSafe<T> {
/// The contained value does not need escaping
Safe(T),
/// The contained value needs to be escaped
NeedsEscaping(T),
}
const _: () = {
// This is the fallback. The filter is not the last element of the filter chain.
impl<T: fmt::Display> fmt::Display for MaybeSafe<T> {
#[inline]
fn fmt(&self, f: &mut Formatter<'_>) -> fmt::Result {
let inner = match self {
MaybeSafe::Safe(inner) => inner,
MaybeSafe::NeedsEscaping(inner) => inner,
};
write!(f, "{inner}")
}
}
// This is the fallback. The filter is not the last element of the filter chain.
impl<T: FastWritable> FastWritable for MaybeSafe<T> {
#[inline]
fn write_into<W: fmt::Write + ?Sized>(&self, dest: &mut W) -> crate::Result<()> {
let inner = match self {
MaybeSafe::Safe(inner) => inner,
MaybeSafe::NeedsEscaping(inner) => inner,
};
inner.write_into(dest)
}
}
macro_rules! add_ref {
($([$($tt:tt)*])*) => { $(
impl<'a, T: fmt::Display, E: Escaper> AutoEscape
for &AutoEscaper<'a, $($tt)* MaybeSafe<T>, E> {
type Escaped = Wrapped<'a, T, E>;
type Error = Infallible;
#[inline]
fn askama_auto_escape(&self) -> Result<Self::Escaped, Self::Error> {
match self.text {
MaybeSafe::Safe(t) => Ok(Wrapped::Safe(t)),
MaybeSafe::NeedsEscaping(t) => Ok(Wrapped::NeedsEscaping(t, self.escaper)),
}
}
}
)* };
}
add_ref!([] [&] [&&] [&&&]);
pub enum Wrapped<'a, T: ?Sized, E> {
Safe(&'a T),
NeedsEscaping(&'a T, E),
}
impl<T: FastWritable + ?Sized, E: Escaper> FastWritable for Wrapped<'_, T, E> {
fn write_into<W: fmt::Write + ?Sized>(&self, dest: &mut W) -> crate::Result<()> {
match *self {
Wrapped::Safe(t) => t.write_into(dest),
Wrapped::NeedsEscaping(t, e) => EscapeDisplay(t, e).write_into(dest),
}
}
}
impl<T: fmt::Display + ?Sized, E: Escaper> fmt::Display for Wrapped<'_, T, E> {
fn fmt(&self, f: &mut Formatter<'_>) -> fmt::Result {
match *self {
Wrapped::Safe(t) => write!(f, "{t}"),
Wrapped::NeedsEscaping(t, e) => EscapeDisplay(t, e).fmt(f),
}
}
}
};
/// Mark the output of a filter as "safe"
///
/// This struct can be used as a transparent return type of custom filters that want to mark their
/// output as "safe" no matter what, i.e. that their output does not need to be escaped.
///
/// If the filter is not used as the last element in the filter chain, then any assumption is void.
/// Let the next filter decide if the output is safe or not.
///
/// ## Example
///
/// ```rust
/// mod filters {
/// use askama::{filters::Safe, Result};
///
/// // Do not actually use this filter! It's an intentionally bad example.
/// pub fn strip_except_apos(s: impl ToString) -> Result<Safe<String>> {
/// Ok(Safe(s
/// .to_string()
/// .chars()
/// .filter(|c| !matches!(c, '<' | '>' | '"' | '&'))
/// .collect()
/// ))
/// }
/// }
///
/// #[derive(askama::Template)]
/// #[template(
/// source = "<div class='{{ klass|strip_except_apos }}'></div>",
/// ext = "html"
/// )]
/// struct DivWithClass<'a> {
/// klass: &'a str,
/// }
///
/// assert_eq!(
/// DivWithClass { klass: "<&'lifetime X>" }.to_string(),
/// "<div class=''lifetime X'></div>",
/// );
/// ```
pub struct Safe<T>(pub T);
const _: () = {
// This is the fallback. The filter is not the last element of the filter chain.
impl<T: fmt::Display> fmt::Display for Safe<T> {
#[inline]
fn fmt(&self, f: &mut Formatter<'_>) -> fmt::Result {
write!(f, "{}", self.0)
}
}
// This is the fallback. The filter is not the last element of the filter chain.
impl<T: FastWritable> FastWritable for Safe<T> {
#[inline]
fn write_into<W: fmt::Write + ?Sized>(&self, dest: &mut W) -> crate::Result<()> {
self.0.write_into(dest)
}
}
macro_rules! add_ref {
($([$($tt:tt)*])*) => { $(
impl<'a, T: fmt::Display, E> AutoEscape for &AutoEscaper<'a, $($tt)* Safe<T>, E> {
type Escaped = &'a T;
type Error = Infallible;
#[inline]
fn askama_auto_escape(&self) -> Result<Self::Escaped, Self::Error> {
Ok(&self.text.0)
}
}
)* };
}
add_ref!([] [&] [&&] [&&&]);
};
/// There is not need to mark the output of a custom filter as "unsafe"; this is simply the default
pub struct Unsafe<T>(pub T);
impl<T: fmt::Display> fmt::Display for Unsafe<T> {
#[inline]
fn fmt(&self, f: &mut Formatter<'_>) -> fmt::Result {
write!(f, "{}", self.0)
}
}
/// Like [`Safe`], but only for HTML output
pub struct HtmlSafeOutput<T>(pub T);
impl<T: fmt::Display> fmt::Display for HtmlSafeOutput<T> {
#[inline]
fn fmt(&self, f: &mut Formatter<'_>) -> fmt::Result {
write!(f, "{}", self.0)
}
}
macro_rules! mark_html_safe {
($($ty:ty),* $(,)?) => {$(
impl HtmlSafe for $ty {}
)*};
}
mark_html_safe! {
bool,
f32, f64,
i8, i16, i32, i64, i128, isize,
u8, u16, u32, u64, u128, usize,
core::num::NonZeroI8, core::num::NonZeroI16, core::num::NonZeroI32,
core::num::NonZeroI64, core::num::NonZeroI128, core::num::NonZeroIsize,
core::num::NonZeroU8, core::num::NonZeroU16, core::num::NonZeroU32,
core::num::NonZeroU64, core::num::NonZeroU128, core::num::NonZeroUsize,
}
impl<T: HtmlSafe> HtmlSafe for core::num::Wrapping<T> {}
impl<T: fmt::Display> HtmlSafe for HtmlSafeOutput<T> {}
#[cfg(feature = "alloc")]
impl<T> HtmlSafe for alloc::borrow::Cow<'_, T>
where
T: HtmlSafe + alloc::borrow::ToOwned + ?Sized,
T::Owned: HtmlSafe,
{
}
crate::impl_for_ref! {
impl HtmlSafe for T {}
}
impl<T: HtmlSafe> HtmlSafe for Pin<T> {}
/// Used internally by askama to select the appropriate [`write!()`] mechanism
pub struct Writable<'a, S: ?Sized>(pub &'a S);
/// Used internally by askama to select the appropriate [`write!()`] mechanism
pub trait WriteWritable {
/// Used internally by askama to select the appropriate [`write!()`] mechanism
fn askama_write<W: fmt::Write + ?Sized>(
&self,
dest: &mut W,
values: &dyn Values,
) -> crate::Result<()>;
}
/// Used internally by askama to speed up writing some types.
///
/// Types implementing this trait can be written without needing to employ an [`fmt::Formatter`].
pub trait FastWritable {
/// Used internally by askama to speed up writing some types.
fn write_into<W: fmt::Write + ?Sized>(&self, dest: &mut W) -> crate::Result<()>;
}
const _: () = {
crate::impl_for_ref! {
impl FastWritable for T {
#[inline]
fn write_into<W: fmt::Write + ?Sized>(&self, dest: &mut W) -> crate::Result<()> {
<T>::write_into(self, dest)
}
}
}
impl<T> FastWritable for Pin<T>
where
T: Deref,
<T as Deref>::Target: FastWritable,
{
#[inline]
fn write_into<W: fmt::Write + ?Sized>(&self, dest: &mut W) -> crate::Result<()> {
self.as_ref().get_ref().write_into(dest)
}
}
#[cfg(feature = "alloc")]
impl<T: FastWritable + alloc::borrow::ToOwned> FastWritable for alloc::borrow::Cow<'_, T> {
#[inline]
fn write_into<W: fmt::Write + ?Sized>(&self, dest: &mut W) -> crate::Result<()> {
T::write_into(self.as_ref(), dest)
}
}
// implement FastWritable for a list of types
macro_rules! impl_for_int {
($($ty:ty)*) => { $(
impl FastWritable for $ty {
#[inline]
fn write_into<W: fmt::Write + ?Sized>(&self, dest: &mut W) -> crate::Result<()> {
itoa::Buffer::new().format(*self).write_into(dest)
}
}
)* };
}
impl_for_int!(
u8 u16 u32 u64 u128 usize
i8 i16 i32 i64 i128 isize
);
// implement FastWritable for a list of non-zero integral types
macro_rules! impl_for_nz_int {
($($id:ident)*) => { $(
impl FastWritable for core::num::$id {
#[inline]
fn write_into<W: fmt::Write + ?Sized>(&self, dest: &mut W) -> crate::Result<()> {
self.get().write_into(dest)
}
}
)* };
}
impl_for_nz_int!(
NonZeroU8 NonZeroU16 NonZeroU32 NonZeroU64 NonZeroU128 NonZeroUsize
NonZeroI8 NonZeroI16 NonZeroI32 NonZeroI64 NonZeroI128 NonZeroIsize
);
impl FastWritable for str {
#[inline]
fn write_into<W: fmt::Write + ?Sized>(&self, dest: &mut W) -> crate::Result<()> {
Ok(dest.write_str(self)?)
}
}
#[cfg(feature = "alloc")]
impl FastWritable for alloc::string::String {
#[inline]
fn write_into<W: fmt::Write + ?Sized>(&self, dest: &mut W) -> crate::Result<()> {
self.as_str().write_into(dest)
}
}
impl FastWritable for bool {
#[inline]
fn write_into<W: fmt::Write + ?Sized>(&self, dest: &mut W) -> crate::Result<()> {
Ok(dest.write_str(match self {
true => "true",
false => "false",
})?)
}
}
impl FastWritable for char {
#[inline]
fn write_into<W: fmt::Write + ?Sized>(&self, dest: &mut W) -> crate::Result<()> {
Ok(dest.write_char(*self)?)
}
}
impl FastWritable for fmt::Arguments<'_> {
fn write_into<W: fmt::Write + ?Sized>(&self, dest: &mut W) -> crate::Result<()> {
Ok(match self.as_str() {
Some(s) => dest.write_str(s),
None => dest.write_fmt(*self),
}?)
}
}
impl<S: crate::Template + ?Sized> WriteWritable for &Writable<'_, S> {
#[inline]
fn askama_write<W: fmt::Write + ?Sized>(
&self,
dest: &mut W,
values: &dyn Values,
) -> crate::Result<()> {
self.0.render_into_with_values(dest, values)
}
}
impl<S: FastWritable + ?Sized> WriteWritable for &&Writable<'_, S> {
#[inline]
fn askama_write<W: fmt::Write + ?Sized>(
&self,
dest: &mut W,
_: &dyn Values,
) -> crate::Result<()> {
self.0.write_into(dest)
}
}
impl<S: fmt::Display + ?Sized> WriteWritable for &&&Writable<'_, S> {
#[inline]
fn askama_write<W: fmt::Write + ?Sized>(
&self,
dest: &mut W,
_: &dyn Values,
) -> crate::Result<()> {
Ok(write!(dest, "{}", self.0)?)
}
}
};
#[test]
#[cfg(feature = "alloc")]
fn test_escape() {
use alloc::string::ToString;
assert_eq!(escape("", Html).unwrap().to_string(), "");
assert_eq!(escape("<&>", Html).unwrap().to_string(), "<&>");
assert_eq!(escape("bla&", Html).unwrap().to_string(), "bla&");
assert_eq!(escape("<foo", Html).unwrap().to_string(), "<foo");
assert_eq!(escape("bla&h", Html).unwrap().to_string(), "bla&h");
assert_eq!(escape("", Text).unwrap().to_string(), "");
assert_eq!(escape("<&>", Text).unwrap().to_string(), "<&>");
assert_eq!(escape("bla&", Text).unwrap().to_string(), "bla&");
assert_eq!(escape("<foo", Text).unwrap().to_string(), "<foo");
assert_eq!(escape("bla&h", Text).unwrap().to_string(), "bla&h");
}
#[test]
#[cfg(feature = "alloc")]
fn test_html_safe_marker() {
use alloc::string::ToString;
struct Script1;
struct Script2;
impl fmt::Display for Script1 {
fn fmt(&self, f: &mut Formatter<'_>) -> fmt::Result {
f.write_str("<script>")
}
}
impl fmt::Display for Script2 {
fn fmt(&self, f: &mut Formatter<'_>) -> fmt::Result {
f.write_str("<script>")
}
}
impl HtmlSafe for Script2 {}
assert_eq!(
(&&AutoEscaper::new(&Script1, Html))
.askama_auto_escape()
.unwrap()
.to_string(),
"<script>",
);
assert_eq!(
(&&AutoEscaper::new(&Script2, Html))
.askama_auto_escape()
.unwrap()
.to_string(),
"<script>",
);
assert_eq!(
(&&AutoEscaper::new(&Script1, Text))
.askama_auto_escape()
.unwrap()
.to_string(),
"<script>",
);
assert_eq!(
(&&AutoEscaper::new(&Script2, Text))
.askama_auto_escape()
.unwrap()
.to_string(),
"<script>",
);
assert_eq!(
(&&AutoEscaper::new(&Safe(Script1), Html))
.askama_auto_escape()
.unwrap()
.to_string(),
"<script>",
);
assert_eq!(
(&&AutoEscaper::new(&Safe(Script2), Html))
.askama_auto_escape()
.unwrap()
.to_string(),
"<script>",
);
assert_eq!(
(&&AutoEscaper::new(&Unsafe(Script1), Html))
.askama_auto_escape()
.unwrap()
.to_string(),
"<script>",
);
assert_eq!(
(&&AutoEscaper::new(&Unsafe(Script2), Html))
.askama_auto_escape()
.unwrap()
.to_string(),
"<script>",
);
assert_eq!(
(&&AutoEscaper::new(&MaybeSafe::Safe(Script1), Html))
.askama_auto_escape()
.unwrap()
.to_string(),
"<script>",
);
assert_eq!(
(&&AutoEscaper::new(&MaybeSafe::Safe(Script2), Html))
.askama_auto_escape()
.unwrap()
.to_string(),
"<script>",
);
assert_eq!(
(&&AutoEscaper::new(&MaybeSafe::NeedsEscaping(Script1), Html))
.askama_auto_escape()
.unwrap()
.to_string(),
"<script>",
);
assert_eq!(
(&&AutoEscaper::new(&MaybeSafe::NeedsEscaping(Script2), Html))
.askama_auto_escape()
.unwrap()
.to_string(),
"<script>",
);
assert_eq!(
(&&AutoEscaper::new(&Safe(std::pin::Pin::new(&Script1)), Html))
.askama_auto_escape()
.unwrap()
.to_string(),
"<script>",
);
assert_eq!(
(&&AutoEscaper::new(&Safe(std::pin::Pin::new(&Script2)), Html))
.askama_auto_escape()
.unwrap()
.to_string(),
"<script>",
);
}